The modulo operation (often abbreviated as "mod") finds the remainder after the division of one number by another.

For example, 10 mod 3 asks for the remainder when 10 is divided by 3.

• 10 divided by 3 is 3 with a remainder of 1.
• So, 10 mod 3 = 1.

It's useful in programming, math, and computer science for tasks like checking if a number is even or odd, or cycling through a set number of states.

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