This calculator transforms a matrix into its Row Echelon Form (REF) and Reduced Row Echelon Form (RREF) using elementary row operations.

Row Echelon Form (REF) Criteria:

• All non-zero rows are above any rows of all zeros.
• Each leading entry (pivot) of a row is in a column to the right of the leading entry of the row above it.
• All entries in a column below a leading entry are zeros.

Reduced Row Echelon Form (RREF) Criteria:

• The matrix is in Row Echelon Form.
• The leading entry in each non-zero row is 1.
• Each leading 1 is the only non-zero entry in its column.